Most have probably wished at one time or another that our dogs could speak to us like we do with them. Dogs might not talk, but they certainly communicate, from the wag of their tail to the how they hold their ears.
Dogs have a rich and complex body language that they use to communicate their feelings, intentions, and desires to us, other dogs and the world around them. Understanding these signals can improve the bond between you and your dog. Here's a guide to work out what they're trying to tell you.
- Tail wagging slowly: A slow wag typically signifies a dog's uncertainty or ambivalence. They may be processing new stimuli or trying to understand a situation, using this gentle tail movement to show they are neither aggressive nor entirely relaxed.
- Rapid tail wagging: This enthusiastic wag usually denotes a joyful dog, excited about something or someone. It's their way of expressing their happiness and eagerness, a universally understood gesture of canine contentment.
- Tail held high: When a dog parades with their tail high, it speaks of their confidence and dominance in their environment. This elevated tail can also indicate interest and alertness in what’s occurring around them.
- Low or tucked tail: A downward tail or one tucked between the legs usually indicates fear, submission, or discomfort. This posture is common in unfamiliar or threatening situations, revealing the dog's vulnerable state.
- Stiff wagging tail: A tail that wags in a more rigid manner, especially if held high, can indicate a dog is alert and assessing a situation. It's different from the relaxed, side-to-side wag associated with happiness.
- Ear positioning forward: Ears directed forward signify an attentive and curious dog. They're trying to gather as much information as possible from their surroundings, showing interest and engagement.
- Ears pinned back: When ears are held back or flat against the head, it’s a clear sign of anxiety, fear, or appeasement. Dogs use this posture to make themselves appear smaller and non-threatening.
- Raised hackles: The ridge of fur standing up along a dog's back reveals heightened emotions, be it arousal, fear, or defensiveness. This primal reaction serves as a visual cue, making them appear larger or more intimidating.
- Baring teeth with aggression: When accompanied by growls, this display is a definite warning. The dog is uncomfortable and is broadcasting a clear message to stay away.
- Relaxed teeth baring or "smiling": Some dogs display a relaxed, open-mouthed grin, devoid of any tension. This "smile" is a way to show contentment or submissiveness without any aggressive intent.
- Play bow: When a dog stretches forward with their hindquarters raised, it's a playful invitation. This stance says, “Come on, let's have some fun!”
- Yawning outside of rest: In dogs, yawning isn't just a sign of tiredness. A yawn can indicate anxiety, stress, or even a calming mechanism in tense situations.
- Lip licking: A dog repeatedly licking their lips is often displaying discomfort or nervousness. This gesture can also be a way for dogs to appease or calm themselves in stressful scenarios.
- Hard, direct stare: This unwavering gaze can signify a challenge or potential aggression. Such a stare, especially when directed at another animal, indicates dominance or territorial behaviour.
- Averted gaze or avoiding eye contact: By deliberately avoiding direct eye contact, dogs are often signalling discomfort or submission, trying not to provoke or challenge.
- Leaning or nuzzling against you: This tender gesture often conveys affection, trust, and comfort. Your dog is seeking your attention, support, or simply expressing their love for you.
- Panting without physical exertion: While panting is a method to cool down, unexplained panting can indicate stress, anxiety, or pain. It's their way of dealing with situations they find overwhelming.
- Whining or whimpering: These high-pitched sounds often reveal a dog's distress, discomfort, or longing. Whether it's a desire for attention, separation anxiety, or a physical ailment, whining is a plea for understanding and care.
- Pacing: Consistent pacing can be a sign of restlessness or nervousness. Dogs may pace when they're anxious about an event, such as during storms or in unfamiliar settings.
- Rolling over to expose the belly: This vulnerable position can be a dog's way of showing submission or trust. Alternatively, it can be a cheeky invitation for a delightful belly rub.
- Eyebrows raised (especially the left one): When dogs catch a familiar or beloved sight, their eyebrows, particularly the left one, might shoot up in recognition and excitement, signalling their attachment and affection.
- Stiffened body posture: When a dog's body becomes rigid, it indicates they are on high alert. They're either preparing to confront a potential threat or they're deeply engrossed in something that has caught their attention.
- Circling before lying down: This behaviour harks back to their wild ancestors, who would circle to flatten grass or foliage, creating a cosy resting spot. It's a comforting, instinctual ritual.
- Nipping or mouthing during play: Especially common in puppies, this behaviour is a way to engage in play. However, it's essential to monitor and guide this behaviour to ensure it doesn't escalate into aggressive biting as they grow.
- “Downward dog” stretches: Often seen after waking up, it's a dog's way of loosening their muscles, preparing them for the day's adventures. It’s where the yoga pose got its name from.
- Twitching or moving during sleep: Just like us, dogs dream. These involuntary twitches or movements can be a window into their dream world, indicating they're in deep REM sleep.
- Sniffing the ground intensely: Dogs perceive the world primarily through their noses. Intense sniffing lets them gather a wealth of information, from understanding who's been around to detecting hidden treats.
- Barking at seemingly nothing: With their acute hearing, they might be reacting to something beyond our auditory range. Whether it's a distant sound or an unfamiliar noise, barking serves as an alert.
- Chasing their own tail: While it's often playful, excessive tail-chasing might suggest underlying health issues or behavioural concerns, like a form of canine obsessive-compulsive disorder.
- "Zoomies" or frenetic random activity periods (FRAPs): These delightful bursts of energy, often involving mad dashes around the home or garden, are ways dogs release pent-up energy or excitement.
- Belly-up sleeping: When a dog sleeps on its back exposing its belly, it's a sign of complete trust and comfort in its environment. This vulnerable position means the dog feels safe.
- Curled up in a ball: Often called the "fox position", when a dog curls up with its tail wrapped around itself and nose tucked into its body, it's usually to conserve body heat. It can also be a sign that the dog is trying to protect its vital organs, indicating a slight sense of vulnerability.
- Side sleeping: A relaxed and comfortable position, dogs who sleep on their side are generally very secure in their environment.
- "Superman" pose: When a dog lies flat on its stomach with its legs stretched out front and back, it's often in a light sleep and ready to jump into action if needed. Puppies frequently adopt this position because they bounce between playing and sleeping.
- Splayed out on the back: Similar to the belly-up position, but with legs splayed out in all directions. It's the epitome of relaxation and often seen in puppies after a hearty play session.
- "Guarding" objects or food: If a dog places a paw or their body over an item, they could be indicating possession. This behaviour shows they're protective of the item, be it a toy, food, or even a favoured sleeping spot.
- Lifting a front paw: A dog might lift a paw when they're unsure or anxious about a situation. It can also be seen when they're keenly focusing on something, like a treat or during training sessions.
- Squatting or lifting leg during urination: While both male and female dogs can squat, lifting a leg, especially in males, can be a way of marking territory. The height of the urine stream can even be a sign of the dog's confidence or dominance level.
- Bum dragging: If a dog drags its rear end on the ground, it might indicate an issue like impacted anal glands or an irritation. Regular dragging is a sign to check in with a vet.
- "Huffing" or short exhalations: Before a full-on bark or as an expression of mild annoyance, some dogs emit a "huff" sound. It's a softer way to communicate their feelings or gain attention.
- Head tilt: This endearing gesture indicates curiosity, especially when they hear an unfamiliar sound. They might be trying to pinpoint the source or understand its meaning.
- Pressing their head against walls or objects: If a dog persistently presses their head against walls or objects, it can be a sign of a medical condition and warrants a vet check-up.
- Rubbing against walls or furniture: Dogs might do this to relieve an itch, but if it's frequent, it can indicate skin problems or allergies.
- Crossing paws: Often seen as a sign of contentment, a dog that lies down and elegantly crosses its paws usually feels relaxed and at ease.
- Nose nudging: When a dog pushes something with its nose, whether it's a ball or your hand, it's seeking attention or engagement. It's a gentle way of saying, "Hey, play with me!" or "I'm here."
- Rolling in scent: Dogs often roll in strong odours, from grass to more unpleasant smells. This behaviour traces back to their ancestral instincts to mask their scent while hunting.
- Blinking slowly: Slow blinking can be a sign of trust and relaxation. Some animal behaviourists believe it's a way for dogs (and cats) to communicate affection.
- Hopping or bouncing: Some dogs exhibit a playful hop or bounce when they're excited, especially during play. It's a joyful expression of their high energy and happiness.
- Sighing: Just as with humans, a sigh can be a sign of contentment or resignation. A dog that sighs when settling down might be expressing relief and relaxation.
- Freezing: If a dog suddenly stops and stands still, it’s indicating high alertness. They've noticed something and are deciding how to react.
- Chattering teeth: Dogs might chatter their teeth after smelling something intensely. In colder conditions, it can also mean they're cold. However, if done excessively, it could indicate a neurological or dental issue.
- Pawing at the mouth: This can be a sign that something is wrong inside the dog's mouth. Maybe there's a stuck piece of food, a dental issue, or an injury.
- Vocal pitches: The pitch of a dog's bark, yip, or howl can indicate different emotions. Higher pitches typically signify excitement or anxiety, while deeper, more resonant barks can be warnings or expressions of contentment.
- Digging: While many dogs dig for sheer fun or to chase after a scent, some might dig to create a cool spot to lie down or to hide food or a treasured toy.
- Swiping with a paw: Dogs might swipe their paw at you to get attention or during play. It's another way of initiating interaction.
- Cocking a hind leg while standing: If it's not during urination, this can be a stretching mechanism, or sometimes, it might indicate an issue with the leg or paw.
- "Chuffing" or snorting: These are short exhales or snorts that dogs use for various reasons, from clearing their noses to expressing frustration.
- Resting chin on objects or people: A dog resting its chin on a surface, like your lap or a ledge, often indicates contentment and a desire for closeness.
- Circle dancing before greetings: Many dogs get so excited during greetings that they dance in circles. It's a display of pure joy and anticipation.
- Muzzle nudging another dog: A dog pushing its face into another dog's face or body can be a gesture of submission, or sometimes a playful gesture to initiate interaction.
- Flattening the ears sideways: Also known as "airplane ears", this position can suggest that the dog is feeling frightened or submissive.
- Hiding or slinking away: A dog that hides or moves away with its body low to the ground may be experiencing fear or anxiety. This can be a reaction to a new, potentially threatening situation or even trauma.
- Pinning another dog: In play or assertive behaviours, a dog may pin another dog to the ground. While it can be a sign of dominance, in a play context, it's usually harmless if both dogs are comfortable.
- "Whale eye" or showing the whites of the eyes: When a dog turns its head away but keeps its eyes on a subject, showing the whites, it's often a sign of anxiety or unease.
- Holding a single paw up: While hunting breeds do this naturally when they spot prey, in other contexts, a raised paw can mean the dog is uncertain or trying to gauge a situation.
- Full body shake: Apart from shaking off water, dogs will do a full body shake as a way to reset and calm down, especially after a stressful event.
- Bowing head when approached: A dog that lowers its head when someone reaches towards it might be showing submission or could be wary or unsure about the intent of the person or animal approaching.
- Purring-like vibrations: Yes, some dogs make a purring-like sound, especially when content or relaxed. It's not precisely like a cat's purr but is a deep, throaty sound that indicates pleasure.
- Snuggling against you: Many dogs love physical closeness and will snuggle up against their owners for warmth, comfort, and affection.
- Exposing the neck: A dog that rolls over to expose its neck is showing ultimate submission and trust. It's one of the most vulnerable areas, and by exposing it, they're saying they trust you implicitly.
- "Talking" or making vocal sounds: Some breeds are more vocal than others, making a series of noises that sound like they're trying to talk. It's a way of communicating, expressing everything from excitement to annoyance.
- Bobbing the head: Some dogs will bob their heads in response to certain sounds or sights. It can be a way of showing interest and curiosity.
- Mounting or Humping: This behaviour isn't always tied to reproduction or dominance. While in some contexts, mounting can be a display of dominance, in other situations, it's purely a play behaviour or even a response to stress or excitement.